How to tell if a cow is pregnant

A blood test can tell from about 28 days after breeding and an ultrasound from about 30 days; feeling for the calf by rectal palpation usually needs 35 to 50 days of pregnancy.

The three ways

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Blood test — from about 28 days after breeding. It needs no special equipment and agrees very well with ultrasound.
•
Ultrasound — from about 30 days after breeding or insemination.
•
Rectal palpation — usually from 35 to 50 days of pregnancy. The experience of the person palpating makes a big difference.

Before a test

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Watch for her next heat about 21 days after breeding (a cow’s cycle runs 17 to 24 days). If she comes back into heat, she did not settle.
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Check the herd within 60 days of the end of breeding, so open cows are found early.

Once she is confirmed

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Cows carry about 283 days; most calve between day 279 and day 287.

Her due date

Questions

How early can you tell if a cow is pregnant?

About 28 days after breeding with a blood test, and about 30 with an ultrasound.

When can a vet feel a calf?

By rectal palpation, usually from 35 to 50 days of pregnancy.

When should I pregnancy-check the herd?

Within 60 days of the end of breeding, so decisions about open cows can be made early.

How long is a cow pregnant?

About 283 days; most calve between day 279 and day 287.

Sources

Pregnancy Diagnosis in Your Cow Calf Herd
South Dakota State University Extension
Early Pregnancy Detection in Cows
University of Nebraska–Lincoln, UNL Beef
Reproductive Management of Beef Cattle Herds
Mississippi State University Extension
The Estrous Cycle of Cattle
Mississippi State University Extension
Pregnant cows, timing of pregnancy, open cows
University of Nebraska–Lincoln, UNL Beef
Last checked September 30, 2026. A common guide — your vet’s plan wins.

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